NDFA14+Music+of+the+Renaissance

1. Polyphony (contrapuntal) - means more than one part - has been used since twelfth century - encouraged simplicity and smooth vocals in the early Renaissance 2. Modal - encouraged tonality (tones) in the late Renaissance - a range of vocal capabilities is important
 * Music of the Renaissance **
 * Two Central Styles of Music **

This video showcases the smoothness and originality of Renaissance Polyphony. media type="youtube" key="vcgRqHRgb0Y" height="344" width="425"

Sacred Genres of Music 1. **The Mass**- a choral composition that acts as hymnal celebration for the Eucharist in Chruch. 2. **The Motet**- a piece of music with separate parts of singing. 3. **The Madrigale Spirituale**- a spiritual prayer-like song performed in a cappella. Vocal Genres of Music(non-religious) 1. **The Madrigal**- a secular, strictly vocal piece accompanied by instruments. (Elizabethan Madrigals were a big hit in England and Italy) 2. **The Chanson**- A French song that is both polyphonic and secular. 3. **The Caccia**- a contrapuntal composition with a repeated melody. Instrumental Music 1. **The Toccata**- a virtuoso piece for a keyboard or string instrument. 2. **The Prelude**- a brief piece of music that varies with the instrument. 3. **The Bassedanza**- the most popular court dance and music of the Renaissance.  ** Composers of the Renaissance **  **Josquin Desprez (1440-1521 Late Renaissance) ** Josquin Desprez was, without a doubt, the most influential, renowned composer of the Late Renaissance. He was so popular among the people that he was referred to by just his first name, Josquin. Josquin's widespread output of music is what attracted his fans. Josquin composed many masses, motets, and secular and vocal pieces in both French and Italian throughout his career. Josquin was noted for his famous cantus firmus masses such as the famous //"Masse Pange Lingua".// Josquin also performed "parody masses" in which put his own twist on a source from the past. Josquin played several French chansons such as //"Milles Regretz"//. The motet called //"Ave Maria, gratia plena"// is another excellent piece by Josquin. Josquin's contemporary, original, and emotion melodic experimentations live on today.
 * Popular Genres of Renaissance Music **

**William Byrd (1543-1623 Late Renaissance)** William Byrd was a forerunner in music and probably the best British composer of all time. As a musician that took the Renaissance by storm in the end, he mastered almost every facet of Renaissance music, especially the mass, the motet, consort music or layered instrumental musci, and the chanson. Byrd stood out among the composers and musicians of England, as he was a "genius" at the keyboard. All of his works (like his choral compositions) can be found in his books of music, //My Ladye Nevells Book// and //Parthenia//. Monteverdi was the musician that used his skill, developed in the Renaissance, to link this period of "rebirth" to the Baroque period of style. Monteverdi's revolutionary music of all genres even comprised of the first dramatic opera, //"Orfeo"//. Monteverdi's avid dedication to music saw to him writing nine entire books of simply madrigals, the vocal pieces that brought Renaissance music to life. Between these nine books, Claudio's wide range of skill and originality is quite apparent. The Eighth Book, the "Ottavo Libro", consists of what is called the perfect madrigal, //" Madrigali Dei Guerrieri ed Amoros // i"//.//  Renowned for his true voice in musicianship, especially in England, Thomas Tallis was one of the best of his time. Thomas Tallis mastered church music and is famous for his masses, motets, and spiritual madrigals such as //"// //[|Gaude gloriosa Dei Mater] //" and "// [|Puer natus est nobis] "//. As a composer of the Church, he served four Monarchs of England and the queen let him have all access to the newly- invented printing press to publish music. Tallis also composed English anthems and motets in Latin.
 *  Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643 Late Renaissance) **
 *  Thomas Tallis (1510-1585 Late Renaissance) **

 ** Instruments of the Renaissance **
 * Slide Trumpet **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- the precursor to the trombone of today, but with a stationary mouthpiece.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Cornett **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a variation of a wood recorder sometimes called a serpent.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Sackbut **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a Renaissance-version of the trumpet played in Church masses.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Viol **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a precursor to the violin with six strings, a flat back, and played masterfully with a bow.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Lyre **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a cousin of the harp that is not plucked, but is strummed with a plectrum.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Harp **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a string instrument that varies in size and is simple plucked to play it.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Hurdy Gurdy **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a cousin of the fiddle, this small, string instrument is played with a crank that moves a bow over the strings.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Cittern **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- with a flat back and three strings, the cittern was the guitar of the Renaissance.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Tambourine **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a small-frame drum with jingles around it to use multiple sounds at once.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Lute **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a plucked string instrument that usually has a neck and a rounded back.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Harpsichord **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a keyboard that, when played, strums the strings within the instrument itself.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Shawm **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- the most popular double reed instrument of the Renaissance, the shawm is somewhat of an oriental, decorative recorder with two reeds.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Bagpipe **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a bag made out of sheep or goat skin that continues a tone when the player breathes once into one of the many mouthpieces and squeezes the bag.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Reed pipe **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- fashioned from a single cane or reed with several finger holes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Transverse flute **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- a predecessor to the modern flute, but with the mouthpiece on the other end and finger holes on the side.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Recorder **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- with seven finger holes and a beak-shaped mouthpiece, this instrument is still used today.



<span style="color: black; font-family: Pristina; font-size: 18pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Works Cited <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> "Josquin Desprez." //ClassicalNet.com//. Web. 19 Jan. 2010. <http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/josquin.php>. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> "Renaissance music -." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. Web. 19 Jan. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_music>. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> "Top 8 Renaissance Composers." //About.com//. Web. 19 Jan. 2010. <http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/renaissanceperiod <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Pristina; font-size: 18pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pictures <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> //The Harpsichord//. Digital image. //Claviantica.com//. Web. 19 Jan. 2010. <http://www.claviantica.com/Restorations_files/GT_norm.htm>. //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> The Hurdy Gurdy //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">. Digital image. //Wikipedia//. Web. 18 Jan. 2010. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hurdy-Gurdy.jpg>. //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> Josquin Desprez //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">. Digital image. //Naxos.com//. Web. 19 Jan. 1210. <http://www.naxos.com/composerinfo/_Josquin_des_Prez/22586.htm>. //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> Thomas Tallis //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">. Digital image. //Tudorstuff.wordpress//. Web. 19 Jan. 1210. <http://tudorstuff.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/thomas-tallis/>.